Gulf Air free essay sample

In a world of globalization, speed and technology where everyone is seeking for ways to accomplish their duties easily, and where countries have been connected with each others by economical, commercial, and political affairs, airlines companies appeared as an integral part of the channel of transportation in different countries of the world which have been recently one of the most important ways to carry passengers and goods from a place to other distant places. Among those companies the Gulf Air Company was established in 1950, and since that time it has gone through many stages and conditions, until it reached within these years to a level of the need of restructuring; because of the sequence losses it has faced. As a company that owns the largest aviation network in the Middle East and as it carries a history of about sixty years, it is significant to figure out the main factors that lead it to reach to a loss that is equivalent to BD 190 million in only 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Gulf Air or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This loss is substantial and definitely has negative consequences on the entire Bahraini economy, since the Gulf Air is known as one of the most important ventures that provide employment for significant number of Bahraini population, and therefore have an effect on the Bahraini GDP. Hence things should be analyzed and problems have to be diagnosed in order to find out some hinders and drawbacks, and list some strengths and advantages to reach at the end to general beneficial conclusion. -History of Gulf air. Since the establishment of the Gulf aviation company as a private shareholding company on 24 March in 1950 and it has gone through many changes and stages. First in October 1951 the British Overseas Aircraft Corporation (BOAC) became a major shareholder in Gulf Aviation, holding a 26% of shares, and handling the company administrative activities, until 1973 when they were purchased by Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar governments. In the next year a foundation treaty was signed by those countries governments which gave each one of them a 25% shareholding in the re-branded Gulf Air, which became the national carrier for the four states in the Arabian Gulf with a capital that is equal to BD 28m. After this turning point the Gulf Air started expanding its activities in various fields starting with making trips to the Middle East countries, India, and Europe, and that was accompanied with adding the Tristar and Boeing 200-737s to the fleet. The year 1978 was a beginning point of the sequence losses that the Gulf Air faced as a result of previously done developments and expansions. The loss in that year reached to an amount of about BD 29m, and therefore the company was declared financially bankrupt for inability to pay its obligation which came as a result of overcoming the problem by increasing the amount of the paid capital. Hence the Gulf Air prepared a new plan to counter the problems associated with the previously occurred losses, by applying several steps like cutting unnecessary costs, and eliminating unprofitable trips, as well as following new and flexible promoting techniques while keeping service continuously in high levels. In 1980 the four states came to the conclusion of increasing their support to the Gulf Air by increasing its capital from BD 28m to BD 40m, which relatively contributed in improving its general conditions. In other stages several expansions and improvements were enhanced, when the company transferred from a regional aviation network to an international one that links between Asia, Africa, and Europe. In addition it was necessary in that time to work hard on preparing skilful national staff for different activities like maintenance, operating, and administrative activities. In the late seventies and early eighties of the last century the Gulf Air reached to a level where it was able to compete with international rivals which was as a result of the substantial improvement of its labors skills, in the other side the financial resources of the company were facing vital increments and therefore a strong financial condition was built which encouraged the company to invest its resources in other different ventures. In 1988 the management of the company came out with a new strategy that focused on the importance of getting use of the international expansions and cutting cost by using new technology in air planes to help in reducing the fuel used, as well as other related expenses, and not to forget about adjusting operational and promotional plans. But in the time between 1986 and 1987 improvement waned and was replaced with decreased revenue as a consequence of several political and economical factors such as, the establishment of the emirates air lines and the war between Iraq and Iran which reached its peak at that time and affected the economy of the entire region around these countries. In contrast the eighties was a period of achievements and improvements for the Gulf Air in various fields, when the Gulf Aircraft Maintenance Company (GAMCO) was established in 1987 with the contribution of Abu Dhabis government which helped the Gulf Air in finding a replacement for the use of the services of maintenance in Hong Kong and London. In general that period was a period of good conditions of the company where its revenue was increasing and consequently helped in buying and chartering new air planes, increasing its capital and its stockholders shares. In addition the good reputation of the company at that time helped it in attracting many international Banks to its new projects and ventures. And one of the most remarkable steps was making analytical studies for its operational strategies and economy as well as trying to improve employees skills and efficiency and following a new strategy of recruiting workers from the Gulf countries. In 1991 conditions were more stable after the ending of the Gulf war in the 1990, which helped in providing better levels of services for clients especially for destinations like India, Cairo, London and Paris. In the next year and after a new pricing strategy and occurrence of regional competition a surplus of service occurred and caused decline in revenues after an increment in the previous year. In the period after the 1995 the government of Qatar followed by Abu Dhabi then Oman governments withdrew from the company to establish their own national airlines, which inversely affected the Gulf Air over the last years and caused many losses. In the 21st century many changes occurred and the company had involved in many sponsorships and social responsibility acts until this year of 2010 where the company reached its 60 year anniversary, a new sight of eliminating unprofitable lines of service was set as part of cutting cost strategy. 2-The owner ship of Gulf air: On 6 May 2007, the government of Bahrain claimed 100% ownership of the airline that mean that Gulf air owned by the government and all other owners dropped as we said above in history. -Economic conditions: In the latest years the global economic crisis which started mainly in 2007 affected the entire economy, it generally lead to a substantial inflation in the overall prices of goods and services especially the price of the oil, many large and small international companies collapsed as a result of the crisis and therefore lead to a huge unemployment. However, the Gulf Air as an international aviation company has been affected severely by the crisis and many loss es has occurred as a result. Since the beginning of the crisis people including business men reduced their use of the airlines in general, so demand of such service was affected, other factors like the increment of the oil price had a crucial affect on the gulf air until today. These factors were the main to cause the Gulf Air to reach a weak point, so in order to survive a new strategy has been put in sight which is based mainly on absorbing costs. This strategy is basically intending to narrow lines of services by excluding unprofitable lines and dismissing employees who are working behind those lines. And it has been demonstrated that at the last 5 months-before May 2010- the number of employees has been decreased from 5200 until 4700 which is considered the starting point of implementing the strategy, a continuous application for employees assessment in order to keep the efficient ones only has been adopted as a second step as well, in addition to planning to put a new strategy for early retirement. These things are part of what the Gulf Air is trying to do in order to recover from the occurring losses, aiming on reaching to the breakeven point within year 2012. -Reputation of the Gulf Air: The Gulf Air with the golden falcon had a rotated reputation during the sixty years of its life; many claimed that it has changed a lot from the eighties when it used to have remarkable and unique service and reached to a week level of reputation on many of its features compared to other rivals. Several factors affected positively and negatively on the reputation of the Gulf Air including: 1. Level of the service. Clients are considered the main component in the recipe of success of any service provider company, hence the Gulf Air has been trying to do its best o provide a comfortable and successful aviation service to its passengers, and to gain loyalty of some clients. One of the programs that was set is loyalty miles that enable the client to accumulate miles whenever he/ she travels using the Gulf Air, providing three levels of miles cards, the blue, silver, and golden which varies with the degree of loyalty of the client, the level of the service he/ she uses, and frequency of using the service. These miles will enable the client after having a good sum of miles to get free or discounted tickets and services. Other services provided by the Gulf Air including reservation of hotels and renting cars from one of its partners that are specialized in providing such services, where you can accumulate additional miles by using their services. An additional point is providing electronic service through its website, such as reserving airline tickets and other services through its specialized website, and specifying a table for discounted tickets and other services on the front page of the website, as well as providing any detailed information concerning the Gulf Air for its clients. Despite these good services that are in the hand of the Gulf Air, they have other drawbacks affecting the service and making them out of trend. For instance, many clients have spread their complaints on the website of the Gulf Air, they claimed that the service provided needs a lot of improvement starting with the hospitality and coordination of the fly attendants, and ending with providing entertaining services and safe environment abroad, as well as taking care of the tidiness of the airplanes toilets and seats. Many of the clients were complaining about the low level of service in the first class and its unsuitability to be related to that class. Other important fact that has been affecting the reputation of the Gulf Air service is having lots of delayed and canceled trips over its history. Statistics demonstrated that only in year 2008 the number of cancelled airplanes reached 661 trips, and about 5011 trips were delayed. Most of these numbers were caused by technical defects. That led us to the conclusion of the necessity of providing intensive concentration on the problem of technical defects. In addition the company should keep up with clients desires, by providing air planes that are occupied with the best technology of entertaining especially for long trips, as well as taking care of the tidiness and safety issues as they should be put as a top request. 2. Incident: 1) 23 Aug 2000: Gulf Air Flight 072 crashed into the Arab Gulf on approach to Bahrain International Airport from Cairo. The A320 with 143 passengers and crew on board approached the landing at higher speeds than normal and carried out an unusual low altitude orbit in an attempt to correct the approach. The orbit was unsuccessful and a go-around was attempted. While carrying out a turning climb the aircraft entered a descent at 15 degrees nose down. The aircrew did not respond to repeated GPWS warnings and approximately one minute after starting the go-around the aircraft disappeared from radar screens. There were no survivors. 36 children were on the aircraft. The accident investigation concluded that the primary cause of the crash was pilot error (including spatial disorientation), with a secondary factor being systemic organizational and oversight issues. Flight 072 was the the highest death toll of any accident involving an Airbus A320 at that time. 2) 23 Sep 1983: Gulf Air Flight 771 was a flight from Karachi, Pakistan to Qatar via Abu Dhabi. On that date, a bomb exploded in the baggage compartment. The plane crashed in the desert near Mina Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai in the UAE. All seven crew members and 105 passengers died. Most of the dead passengers were Pakistani nationals, many returning after spending the Eid ul-Adha holiday with their families in Pakistan ) Nov 12th 2009, hydraulics failure :The crew of a Gulf Air Airbus A320-200, registration A9C-AD performing flight GF-510 from Bahrain to Dubai reported a hydraulics failure while on approach to Dubai. The airplane landed safely on Dubais runway 12L and was able to vacate the runway. 4) Dec 20th 2008, engine fire before takeoff : A Gulf Air Airbus A321-200, registration A9C-ES performing flight GF65 from Mumbai (India) to Bahrain with 124 passengers and 9 crew, w as lined up on the departure runway waiting for takeoff, when the left engine caught fire. The crew initiated an immediate evacuation via slides. Fire services were able to quickly contain and extinguish the fire. Mumbais main runway was closed for 45 minutes until the airplane could be towed off the runway. Several arriving flights had to divert as a result. The flight was cancelled and the passengers were brought to hotels. | 5) Feb 6th 2006, open freight door indication: a Gulf Air A340-300, flight GF2 from London Heathrow to Bahrain, diverted to Istanbul after an indication, that one of the freight doors had opened. It was determined after the safe landing, that indication was faulty, and the plane continued its journey after about 90 minutes on ground. | 6) Maintenance Incident: Gulf Air A340 dropped engine| 7) Apr 10th 2010, rejected takeoff: A rejected takeoff from Bahrains runway 30R at high speed when the right hand engine burst into flames with a loud bang leaving debris and spilled fluids on the runway. The airplane came to a safe stop. An airport official reported, that the airport had to be closed for about 2. 5 hours until the runway was cleaned and the airplane was removed from the runway. After the engine blew up the crew rejected takeoff, activated the engine fire suppression system and alerted ATC before they evacuated. Emergency services responded and put out the fire. The runway received minor damage. Eight arriving flights needed to divert to Damman (Saudi Arabia), five flights diverted to Doha (Qatar) and one to Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates )departed the engine and were collected from the runway. 8) A Gulf Air Airbus A330-200, flight GF-57 from Mumbai (India) to Bahrain with 222 people on board, was about 30 minutes into the flight, when the crew returned to Mumbai due to a technical malfunction. The airplane landed safely about 60 minutes after departure, but needed to be towed off the runway. | 3. Competition: The main competition of Gulf Air are Bahrain Air , Emirates, Qatar airway, Air Arabia and Aljazeera airways Gulf Air With its fleet of around 30 aircraft Gulf Air remains by far the biggest carrier at the airport offering flights to 39 destinations in Africa, Asia and Europe as well as within the Middle East. Apart from London, Paris and Frankfurt, Gulf Air also operates European flights to Greece and Cyprus . The prices of Gulf Air: Now a day we see that there is reluctance to travel at this time of year compared to the years before. Because of the high prices, which included airline tickets that registered an increase ranging between 30 and 40%, that the airlines claim that this rise is due to the large increase in taxes and fuel prices. But in fact, that the increase in fuel and taxes has been happened years ago, so there is no justification for this increase, just that they want to compensate there loss. Most of people that they want to travel always compare between the prices of the airlines and if we compare between the Gulf Air prices and Aljazeera airways we see that there is deference between them. 5. Sponsors ships: Gulf Air sponsors events, of which the most prestigious is the Bahrain Grand Prix. This is usually the third race of the Formula One season and is held in March or April of each year. They have also recently become sponsors of the English football Championship side Queens Park Rangers F. C. Gulf Air also signed a sponsorship with the Oman national football team in 2006. 6. Social Responsibility. As it has been noticed over the years and especially over the last few years, the Gulf Air has been especially keen to be more socially responsible, by contributing in many events and concerns of the society. One of the most important concerns is it contribution in the process of reducing the amount of air pollution by reducing the amount of the oil. 5-Employees affairs. One of the reasons of the Gulf Air survival was its human force and its employees inside the company, therefore the Gulf Air has been trying its best to provide proper job environment and appropriate work conditions. Many financial incentives are being provided to the employees of the Gulf Air including annual free tickets, discounted tickets for the employee, his her spouse, kids and parents, health insurance, and discounted fee for the Gulf Air club, clinic and hotel. And when it comes to the salaries of the employees many employees consider it relatively moderate which reflects the tender care that the company provides for its employees. As an interview has been held with one of the employees from the IT department who carries a itle of IT infrastructure architect, he demonstrated that other departments of the company need to improve the coordination with their department, and the y should come to realize the essence of their department by changing the idea that the IT people are PC technicians and understanding how important is their department for exploiting the new technology for the benefit of each department and therefore the entire company. He claimed that either the department should ta ke a step toward this issue or the company itself in order to change the mentality of other employees toward the IT department. Another interview was held with the only e-marketing specialist in the Gulf Air who demonstrated that the Gulf Air is specifying a special budget for the sake of marketing of its services. There are several street banners were hanged in some targeted places, and e-marketing is being used effectively for promotion, by taking special care of the website of the company and its way of submitting the necessary information for clients, and by sending e-mails of the latest offers for specified people on a regular basis. She had several complaints as well concerning the coordination between the departments, she said that many significant information for their work is being received late by other departments, which affect the flow of their work and consequently affect the company as a whole. Both of the employees commented on the new strategy of the Gulf Air, and they expect good future results as the government as well as the employees are keener to lead the company to survival. They claimed that the company strategy of laying off surplus employees and submitting a new early retirement strategy are definitely for the benefit of the company even though it is not for the benefit of the employees. One of the most important issues concerning employees is the temporary contracts that have been used since 2005 by the company with its new employees. The employees carry contracts of a limited period that are renewed after a specified period such as two years. Many believe that it is a good way to release employees that are not of much use to the company, but from the employees point of view it makes a threat of unemployment for them and make them insecure. When looking at this issue it seems to be of good benefit from one side to the employees, as it will encourage them to work harder. A final issue is about the crew of the airplanes. It has been noticed lately that many complaints from clients are being submitted, many complain that the flyer attendants are not concerned about providing the service in an appropriate manner. Others claimed that they lack skills of customer service and safety. One of the facts that affect the attitudes of the crew is that most of the members of the staff are foreigners and they usually intend to take the experience from the Gulf Air and then resign to have better offers else where. This will definitely make them unconcerned about the reputation of the Gulf Air as they wont be regular employees, and therefore will not pay attention in acting in a responsible way. A good step in the new strategy is made, which is employing Bahraini staff and training them intensively. Bahraini employees may become more concerned about the company affairs as it is a company that its survival or termination will affect the economy of the country and therefore lives of many Bahraini people. Despite that previously occurred mistakes and negligence from employees might occur, therefore and intensive training should be accompanied with regular monitoring and assessment of the crew. Reports should be made for each member and therefore should be rewarded or punished in accordance to the attitude showed. The final out coming: Through our study of Gulf Air We conclude that its really in need of radical changes in infrastructure, despite its success in the past and its good reputation, but this thing does not help her now as several competitors are appeared, who offer for the travelers better service and even lower price than Gulf Air does. Conclusion The Gulf Air is a company that the survival of many employees is correlated with its survival. Therefore the government is being keen to provide its support to the company. And as a result a new strategy was made aiming with big hope to bring the company to the breakeven point within the year 2012. Everyone is looking forward to the future hoping that the new strategy will make a hit in the world of Bahraini aviation. And the question remains whether the company will be able to keep up with its rivals, and what the new strategies are if it is fated to the Gulf Air to reach the breakeven point. Age Under 18| 0| 18-25| 20| 25-35| 7| over 35| 3| Have you ever traveled using the Gulf air airlines? answer| Repetition| percentage| Yes| 29| 97%| No| 1| 3%| Total| 30| %100| How do you describe the trip? answer| Repetition| percentage| Bad| 3| 10%| Not bad| 5| 17%| Good| 15| 52%| Very comfortable| 6| 21%| Total| 29| %100| To which country (ies) was your trip(s)? answer| Repetition| percentage| Kuwait| 35| 28%| UAE| 24| 19. 2%| KSA-Makka| 6| 4. 8%| Iran | 5| 4%| Jordan | 5| 4%| India| 6| 4. 8%| Egypt | 4| 3. 2%| Thailand | 6| 4. 8%| Qatar| 34| 27. 2%| Total| 125| %100| Was seat reservation for trips easy? answer| Repetition| percentage| Yes| 26| 90%| No| 3| 10%| Total| 29| %100| How can you describe the trip? Answer| Repetition| percentage| Cheep| 0| 0%| Moderate | 17| 59%| Expensive| 12| 41%| Total| 29| %100| Have you faced any problems in your trip(s) nswer| Repetition| percentage| Yes| 10| 34%| No| 19| 66%| Total| 29| %100| Was any of the trips delayed or cancelled? answer| Repetition| percentage| Yes| 15| 52%| No| 14| 48%| Total| 29| %100| Will you use the Gulf air for other trips? answer| Repetition| percentage| Yes| 25| 86%| No| 4| 14%| Total| 29| %100| How do you describe the cabin attendants of the Gulf air? Answer| Repetition| percentage| Cooperative| 12| 42%| Well trained | 11| 38%| Impolite| 3| 10%| Lack training| 3| 10%| Total | 29| %100| How generally do you describe the service of the Gulf air? Answer| Repetition| percentage| Bad| 2| 7%| Not too bad| 11| 38%| Good| 14| 48%| Excellent| 2| 7%| Total | 29| %100| Recommendations: 65. 5% of the people say in their recommendations that they want from Gulf Air to reduce the prices of their tickets it not that expensive but when you compare it with other companies and the services they provide you will see that it is expensive. And the other 34. 5% recommendations are to make more trips to other countries and the must change some of their air plans also change the seats. and they must have more Bahraini employees in the cabin.

The Service You Can Count On for Academic Success

The Service You Can Count On for Academic Success If someone attempted to discover a way in which to connect even the most varying cultures from around the globe, then it would be music. This subject, by its description, is a kind of art which arranges sounds in a particular way and serves as a technique of artistic recognition. What is a music essay? Most probably, you’re not aware of what this is. If you are a student taking a musical course, you know that other than passion and creativity, mastering this subject requires a lot of hard work and diligence. While gaining the practical know-how is significant, studying theory is no less critical because it will give you an improved comprehension of the subject’s elements, types, forms, performing means, genres and kinds, etc. Practicing this subject alone could take so much of your everyday time, and the need to craft such essays and study them could take up so much of your time and make your work even harder. 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Strictly confidential Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strictly confidential - Essay Example The memory stick which consists of information on all the 84,000 prisoners in England and Wales is now entirely investigated. It includes some release dates as well as information about 43,000 most intricate and persistence offenders as described by the Deputy Information Commissioner (Sky News, 2008). Out of the most likely consequences is the one that the criminals will bring legal acts next to the government and the taxpayer would have to pay for the injuries to the people who appear to be a bit contemptible for the reason of the government's inability. The loss of the memory stick with the details of the prisoners was initially reported to the government, by a London-based consulting company called the PA Consulting Group, with a contract to track the movement of the offenders through the criminal justice system (Burns, 2008). Classified information about almost 130,000 prisoners as well as dangerous criminals has been lost ... According to the Home Office, an internal report is supposed to be carried out in to the data security arrangements between the Home Office and its contractor, PA Consulting. 2.2 Identification of Stake-Holders The individuals or groups which are affected by the outcome of a decision are construed as stake-holders. Amongst the primary stake-holders are the prisoners and criminals whose information has been lost. Home-Office was responsible for the loss of the personal information. Secondly, the tax-payers are another group of stake-holders affected by the outcome. The secondary stake holders are the police force which is responsible for of guaranteeing the personal information of the prisoners. The stake-holders were supposed to safe-guard the confidential details of the prisoners and criminals which they failed to do. The data had been misplaced by the PA consulting group, which was supposed to track and examine the critical offenders in the JTrack programme. 3. Professional Codes The professional conducts do not seem to construe to the case discussed above for the reason that the people responsible for the misplacing of information did not uphold the reputation and good standing of the British Computer Society, and also, their profession in general. Moreover, they did not seek to participate in the improvisation of the professional gradations through participation in their development, usage as well as implementation. The British Computer

Pricing of Goods and Services Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

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Theory to Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory to Practice - Essay Example In the case of UCC, a contract between merchants is valid as long as it contains the quantity of the goods, the signature of the party who provides the enforcement as well as a language that would indicate that the words and meaning binds two or more parties in a reasonable contract. The UCC aims at helping the non-breaching parties in case of a breach of contract. It therefore offers the sellers a number of remedies. Basing on UCC, a contract between merchants relies on communication between the two parties, the culture of the industry in addition to the past commercial conduct between the merchants. This indicates that the past dealing between Armstrong’s manager and Bentley of GCI surely affects the analysis on their case. In their past commercial conduct, the merchants made use of the pre printed forms for the acceptance of addition terms. In their first interaction, Armstrong’s manager signed the pre printed form stating that they will take responsibility of damage before delivery and the transaction was successful at the end. Additional information in the pre printed form become part of the enforceable contract. In the case of the second encounter between Bentley and Armstrong’s manager, Armstrong’s manager signed a destination contract since it had worked effectively previously. According to UCC, under a destination contract, the buyer is liable for any damage or loss of goods until after delivery. Therefore, the analysis of the case between Armstrong and GCI will indicate that Armstrong’s company is liable since the destination contract was signed but the delivery of goods was not as expected. According to UCC, Armstrong had to complete the delivery procedure as outlin ed in the contract without any additional charges. In such a case, Armstrong Company would have breached the contract and will have to pay for the damages. This is because the manager had made a promise to GCI’s manager acknowledging the destination contract. He had promised

Article Review of Health Disparities Research

Article Review of Health Disparities Research ARTICLE ONE (1) REVIEW Purpose This paper is a personal subjective review of the article Perspective: Challenges to Using a Business Case for Addressing Health Disparities,[1] further referenced herein as the literature. Definition Health disparity is defined as the difference in health among different populations[2] Discussion In our textbook, McKenzie and Pinger describe differential gaps between individuals as the cause for health disparities. To expand on this, they write[3]: recognized that some individuals lead longer and healthier lives than others, and that often these differences are closely associated with social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, location, and socioeconomic status. These gaps between groups have been referred to as health disparities Health Disparity Problem Whereas our textbook briefly discusses health disparity, it doesnt delve into causes, nor how long it has existed. However, the how long answer can be found in a paper by Cindy Lawler in which she writes that the problem was recognized As early as 1899, W.E.B Dubois (1899) observed the existence of Racial and ethnic Health Disparities (REHDs), and through his social study of Blacks in Philadelphia he interpreted statistical data about their health and drew several conclusions that are similar to today. She also touched upon Dubois working with flawed health data collection in Philadelphia that sacrificed the accuracy of statistical analysis.[4] 80 plus studies, conducted between 1984 and 2004[5], have repeatedly stated similar, if not the same issues and viewpoint all point to the health disparity issues in the United States, but not enough data to identify a fix for the causation(s). So, if this is an age-old problem, why are we still facing this systemic problem after a full century of recommendations have been made? I believe the authors attempted to address this by writing the literature; but, it is my belief, they fell short as the literature only touches the tip of the ice berg. Challenges As written, the literature appears to be solely focused on the many challenges to using a business case for health care organizations. The common challenges that were identified included: lag-time in ROI, and disconnect between investor and the realized beneficiary. In discussing ways to tackle the problem, the literature laid out a litany of challenges faced by health care entities through use of a broad view of both business and social cases. Throughout, it outlined what businesses and health care entities must do to achieve a better ROI, while trying to attain equity, with the ultimate goal of achieving a reduction in health care disparity. The literature also points out that a great many health organizations remain reluctant to help combat the disparity problem. Their reasoning is based on concern for their bottom linethey are unsure about whether they may see a positive ROI return, or not. And, this is not without merit, especially since there is typically a lag between initiation and seeing the ROI. To emphasis this point the authors state it doesnt take much to begin the process. a combination of business and quality improvement principles may still be able to guide health care organizations seeking to reduce disparities. As a starting juncture, they suggest use of Pareto charts and application of the 80-20 rule. In doing so, stakeholders could initiate a process to re-focus their efforts, thus allowing them the ability to turn their energies toward redirecting threatened capital items, such as funds, manpower, and equipment more effectively. To prove their point, the authors referred to an 80/20 rule study which identified a disparity within an unidentified health care setting specifically, care afforded to African Americans. The study found that approximately 80 percent of African Americans were cared for by 20 percent of physicians, in an under-resourced setting, thus subjecting the group to a lessor form of quality care.[6] The literature goes on to identify another avenue to further increase effort effectiveness, and reap further rewards in doing so, and that is though collaboration with other interested parties within the community. By doing so, they hopefully will begin the process of reducing the disparities, one small step at a time. Who is at Risk? Health disparities commonly affect minority, low-income, and rural-based populations. One reason for this, in part, is due to location. Regardless of the setting, in town, low income housing projects, or rural environment, many may have little to no access to a quality care facility, or any type care facility, or provider at all. This forces these groups to travel greater distances, and in tight economic times, such as we are in today, these groups many not be able to afford the travel costs. This creates a socio-economic Access to Care disparity, as well as an inequity issue. Of course, many races and ethnicities are affected by these factors, and the literature explains that the authors believe this is rooted in racial segregation. Conclusion Individual health is the culmination of many factors. However, the most important factors are the social, economic, and environmental conditions in which we are born, live, work, study, and play. Engaging the social elements of health is a critical component of any comprehensive health equality strategy. Successful engagement could ultimately lead to reduced healthcare costs, and improvement in everyones overall health outlook. From a business standpoint, health care entities, stakeholders, and investors need to identify and implement the correct business model, ensure proper policies and procedures in place, and have buy in from everyone (community, workers, senior C levels, and ultimately clients) before they can begin to realize a faster, positive ROI. Furthermore, health care entities and business stake holders, in cooperation with community leaders and governmental agencies (regardless of level), need to realize there is a critical need to identify and improve community health environments and health policies. This can only be achieved though cooperative efforts by all; and, by supporting programs and policies that address the myriad of social and economic determinants of health. In doing so, only then can we ensure the root causes of health disparities, and the associated inequities, are adequately, and effectively addressed and eliminated. [1] Lurie, N., Somers, S. A., Fremont, A., et al., 2008 [2] McKenzie, James F., Pinger, Robert R. 2015. pg. 25, sidebar [3] McKenzie, James F., Pinger, Robert R. 2015, pg. 25, para 5 [4] Lawler, C. (2011), Introduction, pg. 15 [5] Lawler, C. (2011), Introduction, pg. 15, para. 3. [6] Lurie, N., Somers, S. A., Fremont, A., et al., 2008, para 12.

McDonalds is A Competitive Fast Food Firm Essay -- Fast Food Industry

A Competitive Fast Food Firm Firms within the fast food industry fall under the market structure of competition. Market structure is a classification for the key traits of a market. The characteristics of a market that is competitive would include: a large number of buyers and sellers, easy entry to and exit from the market, homogeneous products, and the firm is a price taker. Take McDonalds fast food restaurant for example. In 1954, Ray Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by Mac and Dic McDonald in San Bernadino, California. He opened his first restaurant in De Plaines, Illinois (near Chicago), and the McDonald’s Corporation was created. By 1959, the 100th McDonald’s had opened in Chicago. In the early years of the 1960’s, Ray Kroc had bought all rights to the McDonald’s concept from the McDonald’s brothers for $2.7 million. In 1963, the 500th restaurant had opened. By the end of the decade, McDonald’s was listed on the New York stock exchange, had opened restaurants in every state of the union and also outside the USA. By 1972, assets exceeded $500 million and sales surpassed $1 billion, a new McDonald’s restaurant was opening nearly every day. In 1984, Ray Kroc died, but his company was then serving 17 million customers a day, equivalent to serving lunch to the entire population of Australia and New Zealand. If McDonald’s lined up all the hamburgers sold since 1955, they would have circled the equator 103.75 times and reach to the moon and back 5 times. Today, McDonald’s remains one of the most competitive franchises ever created because they still have a large number of buyers and sellers, easy entry to and exi... ...dustry is the ease of entry into the market. Start-up franchises within this market structure can begin operating with relatively low initial investments (compared to other industries). This is not the case where monopoly companies, such as Microsoft is concerned. There are numerous barriers to entry into a Monopolistic market structure, capital being one of the most prominent barriers. If a new franchise offered the consumer a quality product at a reduced price, then the chance of success are greatly increased. McDonald’s established a name for themselves by offering quality food and fast, friendly service. This is a very important concept in the fast food industry. Once they established themselves to the consumers and became more visible, they created more demand, which lead to a greater revenue for them.

Radiocarbon Dating in Archeology

The scientific discipline of archeology has undeniably enriched mankind’s history and has helped to slake the quest to understand our past civilizations in a better manner. Understanding the age and period of being of the excavated dodos and other organic objects will assist the archeologist to unravel human history and development in a scrupulous mode ( Taylor 24 ) . Archeologists utilize one of the radical methods called the wireless C dating to find the approximative age of the organic stuffs including works and animate being parts up to 50000 old ages ( Long ) . Radiocarbon dating technique is chiefly based on the radioactive decay of Carbon-14 isotope. Developed by a squad of research workers under the leading of Dr. Willard Libby, this technique had revolutionized the manner the archeological promotions are made in larning about the past civilisation and civilizations, alterations occurred in the Earth and in its clime. Radiocarbon dating enable archeologists to supply cogent evidence of genuineness to the excavated artifacts’ period of use and therefore by join forcesing with the attempts with historiographers and anthropologists, the unwritten history can be exactly explained. Significance Desmond Clark ( 1979 ) sentiments that if wireless C dating technique were non discovered,â€Å" we would still be fall throughing in a sea of imprecisenesss sometime bred of divine guessing but more frequently of inventive guess †( Clark, 1979:7 ) . Harmonizing to Higham ( 1999 ) C14 method can be described as ‘the wireless C revolution’ which has significantly impacted our understanding about development and besides cultural outgrowth of human species. Taylor ( 1987 ) suggests C-14 technique as one of the most important finds of 20thcentury that touches the kingdom of many subjects including archeology. Prior to the development of carbon 14 dating it was hard to find the age of the artefacts unless it was accompanied with some chronologically specific things like a coin. Otherwise archeologists had to fall back T to the method of comparative dating where by comparing with stratigraphically close objects [ objects which are buried at the same deepness will be abo ut of the same epoch. ] clue sing the clip period and historical manners were assumed or instead guesstimated. But the coming of carbon-14 dating tools has opened up the new range of absolute dating where scientists could foretell the age of excavated artefacts and objects with great preciseness up to 50,000 old ages old. For illustration, if a tree was found to be used in an excavated piece of architecture, by finding the age of the tree or the period when the tree was cut down for building, the epoch to which the excavated architecture precisely belongs can be estimated ( Michels, J W ) . The Method of Carbon-14 Technique Archeologists rely on the assorted radiometric dating techniques- based on the radioactive belongingss of unstable chemical atoms to find the age of the stuffs. Research workers from the field of Physicss have discovered that radioactive molecules are unstable and they undergo decay to achieve a stable construction at a particular rate which is straight determined by the atomic figure and mass of the decaying atom ( Polach, H.A and. Currie, L.A ) . Based on this invariable of the radioisotope of C, 14-C or C -14 the age of the organic stuff is assessed. In the biosphere carbon-14 is created by the hit of a neutron, exited by the cosmic beam collides with a N atom. The isotope of C therefore produced is radioactive and it will undergo decay at a changeless rate ( Berger and H.E Suess ) . The C isotope is besides absorbed during photosynthesis by workss and ranges animal organic structure when they consume works parts. It besides reaches the beings through respiration along with normal carbon-12. It is assumed that in a life object carbon-14 which undergoes decay is replaced at a steady rate. The C dating technique takes the premise that all l ifes have reasonably same per centum of 14C isotope in their organic structure and besides that the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon -14 nowadays in the biosphere and inside the life workss and animate beings remain changeless. After the decease of the being the C consumption is stopped. Then the sum of carbon-12 in the organic structure will non cut down but the sum of carbon-14 undergoes decrease due its radiation. Carbon-14 isotope will undergo decay at an exponential rate to organize the stable nitrogen-14.Thus by comparing the comparative measure of C -12 and C -14 in an organic affair excavated scientists can foretell the age of the object ( R.E Taylor and M.J Aitken ) . The undermentioned equation is used to find the carbon-14 decay. Where N is the current sum, N_o is the original sum, lambda is the proportionality invariable for the growing rate ( which is negative for decay ) , and T is the sum of clip that has passed. Figure: 1 Carbon -14 lifecycle. Beginning: ( Brain, 2014 ) The half life of carbon-14 is 5730 old ages. This implies that it takes 5730 old ages for half of the 14C atoms in the organic affair to acquire decayed. When an being is dead the consumption of the carbon-14 Michigans and in a 5730 twelvemonth clip period, half of the sum of carbon-14 nowadays in the organic affair would hold undergone beta decay to organize stable Nitrogen-14. The combustion of a little piece of the excavated organic affair and mensurating the negatrons emitted during the procedure by the disintegrating carbon-14 by radiation counters enable to quantify the sum of C -14 nowadays in the stuff. This information will assist the scientists to relationship of Nitrogen-14 and Carbon-14 atom and can be used to foretell the age of the artefact straight. Restrictions This method assumes that the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the ambiance and in the life being will be a changeless. But surveies have showed a little fluctuation in this ratio over the millenary and hence there is a possibility and attendant disagreement in computation excessively ( Currie ) . Another restriction is the trouble in gauging the age of things which are older than 50000 old ages as the sum of C-14 in such samples become perfectly undetectable due to finish decay. Decision Despite all the restrictions radio C dating will stay as a important tool for archeologist around the Earth to compare and understand the development of human civilization and civilisation. Promotions in this field like gas pedal techniques of carbon-14 dating ( C. Tuniz, J.R Bird, D.Fink, and G.F Herzog 60 ) conducted with the aid of mass spectrometer have increased the scope of the technique up to 100000 old ages ( Nave ) . Therefore doubtless radiocarbon dating remains one of the important tools for the archeologist to explicate the development and cultural outgrowth in a more accurate mode. Plants cited Brain, Marshall. â€Å" How Carbon-14 Dating Works. † 03 October 2000. HowStuffWorks.com. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm & A ; gt ; 18 March 2009. Berger and H.E Suess ( eds. ) . University of California Press, Los Angeles.. 1979: Pp. 7-31. Print Clark, J.D. Radiocarbon Dating and African Prehistory. In,Radiocarbon Dating. Proceedingsof the Ninth International Conference, Los Angeles and La Jolla, 1976. Currie, LLoyd A. â€Å" The Remarkable Metrological History Of Radiocarbon Dating [ II ] . † Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109.2 ( 2004 ) : 185-217 Higham, Thomas. â€Å" The Method. † 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.c14dating.com/int.html.04 Nov 2014. Long, Kelly. â€Å" Why Is Radiocarbon Dating Important to Archaeology. † California State Parks. & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.parks.ca.gov/ ? page_id=24000 & A ; gt ; 1 March 2009. Michels, J W. Dating methods in archeology. Seminar Press, 1973. Nave, R. â€Å" Accelerator techniques for C dating. † & amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hyperphysics.phyas tr. gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html & A ; gt ; 15 April 2009. Polach, H.A and. Currie, L.A. Exploratory analysis of the international carbon 14 cross- standardization informations: consensus values and interlaboratory mistake. Preliminary note.Radiocarbon,. 1980: -35-933.Print. Taylor, R.E. 1987. Radiocarbon Dating. An archeological position. Academic Press, Orlando, USA. Taylor R.E and M.J Aitken. ( explosive detection systems ) 1997.Chronometric dating in Archaeology. Progresss inArchaeological and Museum Science, volume 2.Oxford University, England Tuniz, J.R Bird, D.Fink, and G.F Herzog..Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Ultrasensitiveanalysis for planetary scientific discipline.CRC Press. 1998. .

Socrates-Plato-Athens essays

Socrates-Plato-Athens essays The social and cultural conditions in the city of Athens between 440 and 370 B.C.E., a time when philosophers and military leaders such as Aristotle, Socrates and Pericles were at the height of their powers, can be compared to the current situation in the United States in three important ways. First, in the decades just before the Peloponnesian War, the city of Athens reached the pinnacle of its power and prosperity, often referred to as the Golden Age of ancient Athens. Economically, the city was much like any of a number of modern American cities like New York, Chicago or Los Angeles, due to society being divided into classes based on economic income. For example, the wealthy citizens of Athens lived in private homes, either in the city or in the countryside; the middle class, usually those that did the hard work to support the activities of Athens, lived rather modestly in the city or in villages on its outskirts, while the poor were forced to live in rented houses or in tenements runs by the Athenian government. Second, following the end of the Peloponnesian War, the city of Athens re-established its democratic principles and became a major force in international politics. In the first half of the 4th century B.C.E., Athens and other city-states experienced shifting alliances among its citizens and political leaders. By the mid 350s B.C.E., Athens efforts to extent its power over all of Greece, with Sparta standing firmly in the way, ended in failure. This struggle for supremacy finally ended in a stalemate and allowed the kingdom of Macedonia, the stronghold of Alexander the Great, to expand its influence in Greece. This situation is very similar to what is now happening between the U.S. and Iraq, namely, that the U.S. is attempting to spread its influence and power in order to fight terrorism, something closely akin to Athens attempts to destroy Sparta and the Persian Empire (the current location of Iraq and...

Essay on Postpartum Depression

Essay on Postpartum Depression Essay on Postpartum Depression Postpartum Depression-Jess Beckett QUESTIONS: 1. In what century were the first references to postpartum depression? Why is it still under-diagnosed today? Postpartum Depression dates back to the 4th century BC. It has not always been recognized as an illness and as a result it continues to be under-diagnosed. 2. Identify the three types of postpartum depression and for each make notes on the following onset of illness/depression % of mothers affected by it the signs and symptoms typical length of illness BABYBLUES: -most minor form of postpartum depression -usually starts 1-3 days after delivery -characterized by crying, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes, & the feeling of vulnerability -can last several weeks -estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: -more debilitating then the â€Å"BLUES† -women suffer despondency, crying, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, and fatigue - physical symptoms include headaches, numbness, chest pain, & hyperventilation -mothers with this may regard the child with ambivalence, negativity, and disinterest -tends to be under reported because it’s under studied and still poorly defined -estimated that from 3% to 20% of births -depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6-months post-birth -may last up to several months or even a year POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS: -relatively a rare disorder -symptoms include: extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness, shame, hallucinations, & rapid speech or mania -studies indicate that is affects only 1 in 1000 births 3. Make a general list of causes/risk factors for postpartum depression that women should be aware of. -maternal age -expectations of motherhood, -the level of support for the new mother. -women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression. -estimated 10% to 35% of women will experience a recurrence of postpartum depression -Women who have the most doctor visits during their pregnancy and who also took the most sick-leave days have been found to be most likely to develop postpartum depression. -The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications. -Severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), -a difficult relationship, -stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery. 4. What are some tips for â€Å"self-care† that can be done at home to help alleviate some signs and symptoms of postpartum depression? -Surround yourself with supportive family members and friends -Take care of yourself -Get as much rest as you can, nap when the baby naps. -Try not to spend much time alone. -Spend some time alone with your husband or partner. -Take a shower and get dressed every day. -Get out of the house. -Don't expect too much from yourself. - Don't worry too much about the housework. -Ask friends and family for help. -Talk to other mothers. You can learn from each other, and their experiences can be

Cour Issues Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cour Issues Analysis - Research Paper Example Moreover, there is a backlog of cases in the judiciary; this backlog is perhaps an attribute to the vicious cycle of crime fueled by the inefficiency of the judiciary to exercise deterrence in administering sentences. The aim of the penal system is to exercise deterrence and retribution to offenders and other like-minded individuals. It is therefore the role of the judiciary to uphold this principle and protect the rule of law. In that regard, this paper shall analyze the past, current and future issues affecting the court system. The justice system is faces a myriad of issues currently. Apart from the normal difficulty of administering justice and protecting the rule of law, courts are facing difficulties with the victim’s rights issues and translation issues due to language barriers. The most severe of issues faced by the justice system, courts, and administrators is the enormous task of handling huge chunks of cases piling everyday in the prosecutor’s desk. Perhaps t his is the major reason why prosecutors are under immense pressure, resulting in dropping cases daily. Nevertheless, the courts in current times are marred with a premise of delayed cases that never seem to see their day in court. This situation befits the legal maxim as quoted by William Ewart that justice delayed is justice denied. However, court administration may at times see it fit to rush the court proceedings to clear up the backlog and congestion of the cases scheduled for hearing. Dire consequences may result from such haste to hear and determine cases, since court cases affect human lives, and due care is paramount in discharging justice. After all, courts were not fashioned to operate in such a hasty manner. It is obvious that the criminal justice system is overburdened; this has in turn exerted a ripple effect in the prosecutor’s office. More and more felony cases are dumped as plea bargains. This is both good and bad. Since the perpetrator of a felony accepts a p lea bargain for a lesser charge and gets a lesser penalty for that charge. Although it is a beneficial tact in time conservation, but it grossly, undermine the purpose of existence of any judicial system anywhere. The purpose of the court system is to provide justice, and punish the wrongdoer. Furthermore, in the discharging of justice, the judicial system has a role of deterrence and retribution via the correction facilities. Therefore, if deterrence from crime is a function of the judicial system, then it should not merely dispense lesser sentence due to time management. Proper judgment should be administered to console and restitute the injured party. While it is beneficial for the court to manage their time through plea bargains, criminal offenders and other likeminded individuals are not effectively deterred from criminal activities since consequences are less severe. The prevailing uninhabitable conditions of correction facilities due to overcrowding, communicable diseases pre valence, intrinsic violence, and being strikingly counterproductive schools for crime that churn out hardened convicts (Muraskin, R. & Roberts, R. 2009), contributes to the courts reluctant state from issuing harsher sentences. Nevertheless, the tendency of the courts to ignore the deterrence factor of sentencing, has contributed to a vicious cycle of criminal activity that perhaps has contributed to the heightened backlog of cases. This is increasingly causing many challenges to the

Should the US gets itself involved in everything going on in the Research Paper

Should the US gets itself involved in everything going on in the middle east - Research Paper Example 78). This piece of research paper attempts to address how dangerously United States has been playing its diplomatic roles in the Middle East and explains five reasons why the US shouldn’t get involved in everything that go on in the region. This paper analyzes how the political languages the US repeatedly has been using like peace-making, anti-terrorism and weapon proliferation have but shown that they were absolutely meaningless due to the ongoing conflicts in the region, ever-increasing terrorism and devastating weaponry-political ideologies. Five reasons why the US shouldn’t involve in the Middle East United States shouldn’t play its diplomatic roles in military, political and all other activities that go on in the Middle East mainly for the following factors: 1. The main interest behind US’s involvement in the Middle East is to get wider access to oil-resources, which in turn can never be justified in terms of business or international politics. 2. Mid dle East is basically an Islamic region and therefore any involvement from the US side will be seen as an unnecessary involvement especially in religious affairs, and its interest in wars will be merely unjust. 3. As widely known, or as widely being debated in media worldwide, one of the main reason why US involves in the Middle East is to preserve the security and well-being of Israel (Pelletreau, p. 21), and therefore it will have a devastating impact on Middle East people’s perception of the US creating more hatred towards the US. 4. US involvement in Middle East will cause nothing more than giving excitement to the terrorists and thus making the region more vulnerable to ongoing conflicts and political instabilities. 5. The more the US gets involved in the Middle East, the highest the numbers of people, civilians and troops being killed in regions like Palestine, Iraq and other countries. Based on literatures and experts’ opinion, these reasons are detailed below: The US Interest in oil-resources When it comes to the case of recent war between Iraq and the US, for instance, the US gained full of oil resources that can help it fulfill its oil-requirements for years, where as Iraq lost their political and social stability in the country. As Krasner (p. 189) noted, the second World War has actually brought greater demand for oil and that bringing US attention to the Middle East as well. From 1940 onwards, America has been taking serious foreign policies to help it access oil from the Gulf countries. Pauly (p. 160) observed that Middle East has been a vital source for greater access to oil resources and this has brought the attention of the US foreign policy too. Without oil, many countries and many economies would face major disruptions. Similarly, the standard of living even will be greatly impacted if the US lacks oil resources and therefore America has increasingly intervened diplomatically, economically and militarily in the region. The ethi cal and moral sides of this intention and military operation can never be justified and therefore America should stop involving in the affairs OF Middle East. Involvement unjust Economical, diplomatic and military involvement of the US in the Middle Eas